The shoot

This post is related to LO1

There were 6 shooting days between the 10th November and the 20th November. The main location was in a house, garden and in a crop field.

The first 4 shooting days were in the house and garden. Within the house, scene locations took place in a bedroom, stairway, kitchen, dining room and hallway. There were different challenges within this. I found that it was very difficult to boom in the house as there was limited space.

Because the film doesn’t have much dialogue, i was mainly recording movements and breaths. Therefore had to try and get the boom as close as possible. I attached radio mics to the actors for the majority of the time to capture breaths and dialogue.

Location Sound recording.

The location recording process required recording in a range of different environments and adapting to those environments to ensure the best quality recording. The main issue was with outside scenes, that being because of the wind noise. The other issue was with noises leaking from the outside or other rooms. As well as sometimes not being able to get close enough.

In the recording process i used a windscreen. “Windscreens are essential in virtually all video applications because just moving the mic even indoors creates win that can cause obvious low-frequency noise, which progresses up through being so bad that the signal from the mic may intermittently bobble or be cut off as the wind blows the diaphragm into extreme positions.” (Holman, 2005, 64)

This was used in all cases including all indoor and outdoor scenes. However the windscreen wasn’t enough for outside locations as it was extremely windy throughout the recording process. therefore when it came to outsider shots i attached a windjammer. “In more extreme cases outdoors, the silk windscreen can be covered with a windjammer, a furry covering that progressively reduces the air velocity as it encounters denser fur toward the inside of the device lowing down the air velocity with which the internal windscreen must deal. “ (Holman, 2005, 65)

To deal with not being able to get the boom mic close enough attached a radio LAV mic to each actor in scenes that contained dialogue. This helped with regards to picking up other sounds such as planes going past in doors and other atmos sounds that i didn’t want to pick up. Other issues included noises leaking from other rooms, outside and crew noises in which i ensured there more than one take when i noticed any strange noises in the takes.

Ric Viers wrote in his book ‘The Sound effects bible’ Ten commandments a sound recordist should follow for a professional recording. The commandments are as followed:

“Thou Shalt Have a Pre-Roll and Post-Roll of Two Seconds on Each Recording.

Thou Shalt Record More Than You Need.

Thou Shalt Slate Every Take with as Much Information as Possible.

Thou Shalt Check Thy Levels Often.

Thou Shalt Listen to Thy Work by Always Wearing Headphones.

Thou Shalt Eliminate All Background Noise.

Thou Shalt Not Interrupt a Take.

Thou Shalt Point the Microphone at the Sound.

Thou Shalt Check Thy Equipment Before Going Into the Field.

Thou Shalt Remember the Copyright Laws to Keep Them Unbroken”

The majority of these commandments were used throughout the location sound recording process. However it was particularly difficult to follow the commandment “though shalt check thy levels often.” Although i was checking levels as much as possible, being a one man team had many limitations, one of them being i had to concentrate more on the positioning of the boom than checking the levels. If i was constantly looking back and forth, i would end up producing noise when recording a take. Therefore if i was to do the location recording again, i would make sure i had another team member, one for checking the levels, recording and taking notes; and one for booming.

Sound report

During the recording process i used a sound log to record the file name, and comments of each shot. This will prove useful in the post production process when looking at other takes for better recordings etc. “The sound report is the key to the mixer’s hard work and efforts; it is the road map of what is on the recored tape and where to find it… The most valuable notes are those regarding wild tracks (listed as WT). When I begin a project, I immediately get a copy of the mixer’s sound reports and quickly scroll through them, looking for wild tracks or miscellaneous recordings that may determine what other recordings a may need to refer to or authorise to have done. It is equally as important to list a shot in which there is no sound. For one reason or another it may be decided to shoot a set-up in which the sound mixer is not rolling sound. “ (yewdall, 2003, 55) Here is an example of what the sound log looked like:

Example of my sound report.

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However during the filming it was quite difficult for me to record all notes, swell as trying to boom, record, and continuously checking levels. Therefore on some shooting days it was very difficult to keep on top of.

“Truthfully, the best sound recording can be obtained by holding the fish pole high above your head and pointing the microphone at a downward, but slightly tilted, angle, aiming right at the throat of the actor. Some boom operators will tell you that the ideal target to aim the directional pattern at is the brig of the nose. others will tell you they aim at the upper chest, where the voice originates” (Yewdall, 2003, 65)

The three main microphone techniques in use to produce coverage are boom, lavaliere on the actor/subject, and a planted mic on the set/ location…. Planted microphones have their place too. In situations where an actor or subject is moving through set or location, there may be positions where a boom can’t follow, such as through a doorway where it would have duck into the picture. page (Holman, 2005, 49)

In my production i used a planted microphone in a few situations. There first being the art scene, in which i planted a radio microphone on the painting. This was because it was hard to get the boom in the right place for recording breaths, therefore i wished to plant a microphone to give me more choice of recordings to pick from. The other is the first scene where Joan is on the phone. The room was quite tight, especially with the crew in the room, therefore hid a microphone in the plant pot on the window ledge. Incase the radio mic attached to the subject recorded poorly the there was another one close to the subject.

Recording reflection. The two most difficult limitations i saw in this process was having a one person team. This proved difficult when trying to do a multitude of jobs in one, and i feel like that may of reflected in the quality of some of the recordings. The other limitation was lack of space, this sort of links with the other limitation as if i had another person i wouldn’t of needed to carry around a huge mixer bag. This would of been easy to get into tighter spaces and get the boom microphone closer to the subject.

Practice

Related to LO1

Before the shoot i wanted to make sure i knew how to use the equipment confidently and try and apply some of the techniques I have learnt from my research.

Firstly, I set up the sound devices mixer. This was very easy to operate. I then set up the boom mic and practiced boom techniques. I asked my housemate to talk and I boomed Him. I found with this that the traditional boom method, got very heavy quite quickly. I then used the tape technique developed from the Lav mic video. By sandwiching two triangles of tape on the capsule and sticking it in the middle of the chest, this severely decreased clothing noises. However i heard of a product call ‘invisilav’ which is essentially a bit of silicone that does helps remove some of the clothing noises by implanting the capsule in the middle of a silicone insert. These were easier to set up and looked more professional.

From this i also learn in which format the recorder delivers the audio files in. Each take has a different number e.g. t19-34. The recorder will automatically gives you a stereo mixdown of the recording and name this as two different files e.g: t19-34_1 and t19-34_2. Then it will give you the individual channels bounced to an audio file. e.g. boom mic t19-34_3.

Radio/Lavalier Microphones

I will be using radio microphones to record dialogue as swell as a boom microphone. This is for a couple of reasons. That being because i am the only sound recordist thats going to be on set its good to have a secondary recording method rather than just one boom. If i made a mistake with the boom i have a back up. It also records good quality audio, and can record close to the subject when sometimes i might (depending on the shot). However one issue i have is being able to hide the microphone and reducing cloth noises. In previous works the radio mic audio has been almost unusable because of movement.

This video: 7 ways to hide a lavalier microphone explains some ways of hiding the radio mic and reducing movement noise.

The video starts by explains the best quality audio will come from an exposed mic. However usually a mic will need to be hidden. Obstacles include material noise and cable noise.

A lav microphone can be hidden on the back of a tie, in the knot of a tie, on a shirt collar , on the seem of a shirt, on the chest. The best sound will come from placing the mic on the middle of the chest. Therefore hiding it on a female subject’s bra could also be a good idea. This video uses an interesting method of using tape to form triangles and sandwich the mic in-between two triangles and stick to the subject. This will keep the microphone in one place and reduce clothing noises. When sticking to subject tie a loose knot in the cable to stop strain relief in the wire. Also because the polar patterns are usually omnidirectional the microphone can be pointing downwards.

Screen Shot 2015-10-25 at 20.37.20

There is also other products that are made for this.

Invisilav: http://www.rode.com/accessories/invisilav

Hush Lav: http://www.canford.co.uk/Products/53-468_GARFIELD-HUSH-LAVS-Black-pack-of-15

Other products can be self made with small bits of foam/fabrics, tapes etc.

Because i’v had the problem of clothing noises before iv purchased the product invisilav. Therefore when i comes i will test out the difference with and without it.

This video: How to get the best sound with your lavalier microphone, talks about different factors that affect the overall sound quality of the lav mic.

This includes:

mic you use

recorder you use

placement

manage wind

management of movement

There are 2 main polar pattern lav microphones, Cardiode and omnidirectional

Cardiode is directional therefore useful incases when working in a noisy environment- but is less effective at picking up full spectrum of sound around. Omnidirectional mice pick up sound from all directions. Therefore records a fuller sound and picks  up sound in a wider range of the spectrum. Mic placement is typically in the middle/upper part of the chest. You can record directly into the camera or use a handheld record e.g. zoom. Field recorders record better quality because it can record in 24bit. As explained before there is option and products available to help removed movement noises.

 

Video production tutorial: Booming techniques

Related to LO1

This video talks more about the different positions of holding a boom.

Notes from video:

Its not okay to pass the job of a boom op to anyone, its not just a case of just pointing a microphone at the general direction  of someone that is speaking. 

Traditional boom position- The pros: up nice and high with little chance of getting in the frame. It can be moved very quickly. plenty or reach and easily pivot. The cons: not going to be able to hold it up for very long as it can get heavy.

Screen Shot 2015-10-25 at 19.25.25

Shoulder position- The Pros: similar advantages. The cons: sacrificing height, which is a disadvantage for someone who’s a little shorter. If you don’t need to move an apple box is a good idea. Sacrifices mobility, you have to move whole body instead of just arms. More for stationary subjects as it will be hard to follow movement. Another issue is clothing noises when moving. Use a gentle touch.

Screen Shot 2015-10-25 at 19.29.37

Down low- The Pros: Easy and comfortable to hold. The cons: The microphone is being pointed towards the sky/ceiling. This will pick up buzzing lights, and plane sin the sky. This position also limits the actors movement as its easy to trip over the boom.

Screen Shot 2015-10-25 at 19.35.32

Pelvic position- The Pros: can hold for a very long time, this is more of a balancing position rather than a holding position and can be done one handed which is useful if you need to make notes or adjustments on the mixer. The cons: you need to stay on axis with the camera man and you are very restrictive of movement. This is usually for times where you are stood still for a while e.g. documentaries.

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Pistol grip-  lower profile, good for tight spaces, going through crowds, shooting in cars etc. Doesn’t draw attention, more for on street recording.

Screen Shot 2015-10-25 at 19.44.41

Keep boom pole on axis- microphone is a lazer beam pointing at the subjects mouth as close as possible without being out on shot.

Try and anticipate movement of subject by reading their body language. Back off boom if you anticipate hard volume levels, if its a soft level, then move in a little tighter.

Film Craft 107: The location sound mixer- 8. Operating a boom mic

Related to LO1

Sites like youtube can be a great place to find research on tips and tricks on field recording. Therefore i have used a few videos as my research material. This post is about the video below: Film Craft 107: The location Sound mixer- operating a boom. Operating a boom is going to be a big part of this project so i felt i needed to do some research on it.

Notes from the video:

Sound quality will diminish the further away the microphone is, therefore you need to get as close as possible to the actors mic.

Need to keep a constant distance from the subject, otherwise the quality and volume will vary.

Point tip of microphone at the mouth, not in their general direction.

The mic needs to be pointing at the subject before they start speaking otherwise the volume and quality will vary.

To boom properly we need to know exactly who’s going to say what and when, therefore its essential for the boom op to practice during the rehearsals and possibly examining the script. (Therefore i will need to examine the script once i receive it and ensure that i am practicing the position when rehearsing)

Moving boom around silently is also difficult. Running fingers on pole can create audible noise, also if the cable is swinging around it can create noise. Using  high quality boom pole with internal cable will help.

If using an external cable, (in my case i am) you need to wrap you fingers round it gently to keep it it place while you record.

Rock it gently as moving the pole, in the crock of your thumb and forefinger. By rocking your hand you can move in from one subject to another without making unwanted moving noise.

This is something that i will need to practice when taking out the equipment before shooting.

Keep mic, boom pole, yourself, shadow out of the shot. You will need to work with the camera to know when you are in shot. Dip mic in as close as possible and back it out until cam op says its okay. Look as a reference on the wall to so you know where to keep the pole. It is also a good idea to hold the boom mic parallel to the floor rather than an angle, as its easier to keep it out of shot.

Where you should stand,- the further away you are the longer you need to extend your pole and the heavier its going to be. An apple box may be useful for shots where i will need to get higher. (especially as i am short.)

May need to boom from below, but need to be careful of picking up unwanted noise from air vents or the sky. 

Its not always possible to get great sound on every angle, especially in big wide shots. It could be a good idea to record a wild tape to give the editor additional options.